How is "screening" defined in public health?

Screening in public health is defined as the process of early identification of at-risk individuals who may have a specific disease or condition, even before symptoms arise. This proactive approach allows for timely intervention, which can lead to better health outcomes. The primary purpose of screening is to detect potential health issues early on so that appropriate measures can be taken to prevent progression or facilitate early treatment.

In the context of the other choices, treatment for chronic conditions involves managing health issues already present, which is not the focus of screening. Admitting patients to hospitals pertains to acute care management and does not relate to the identification of at-risk individuals. Evaluating emergency medical needs is directly tied to immediate care in urgent situations rather than preventive assessment or screening efforts. Therefore, the definition that aligns with the essence of public health screening is the early identification of individuals at risk.