What criteria are used to diagnose metabolic syndrome?

The criteria for diagnosing metabolic syndrome primarily focus on a cluster of risk factors that increase the likelihood of developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The correct option encompasses the following components: abdominal obesity, high triglycerides, low HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, high blood pressure, and elevated fasting glucose levels.

Abdominal obesity is typically measured by waist circumference and is crucial because increased visceral fat is associated with a higher risk of metabolic complications. High triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol are indicators of unfavorable lipid profiles, which contribute to cardiovascular risk. Elevated blood pressure signifies hypertension, a significant risk factor for heart disease. Lastly, elevated fasting glucose indicates insulin resistance, an important component of metabolic syndrome.

This combination of factors is essential because it provides a comprehensive overview of an individual's metabolic health and assists healthcare providers in implementing preventive measures or treatment plans. The other options provided do not include the relevant components necessary for diagnosing metabolic syndrome, focusing instead on unrelated factors or conditions.