Which type of skin lesion is characterized by a raised, thickened area with a rough surface?

The type of skin lesion characterized by a raised, thickened area with a rough surface is known as a plaque. Plaques are typically larger than papules and are often formed by the coalescence of smaller lesions. They are usually greater than 1 cm in diameter and have a plateau-like appearance. This texture is often described as rough or scaly due to the accumulation of skin cells, which is a common feature in conditions such as psoriasis or eczema.

In contrast, a papule is a smaller, raised lesion that is usually less than 1 cm in diameter and typically smooth to slightly rough. Macules are flat lesions without elevation, while patches are larger and also flat, but both lack the thickness and rough surface characteristic of plaques. This distinction underscores why plaques are specifically identified by their raised, thickened, and rough appearance, making them the appropriate answer to the question.